Production volume from quarrying Indonesia 2022, by type of material

In 2022, the total volume of sand produced in Indonesia amounted to approximately 63.77 million cubic meters, while the total volume of limestone produced was around 8.3 million cubic meters. In Southeast Asia, sand is an important commodity in geopolitics. Singapore, Indonesia's neighbor, has become the world’s largest sand importer due to its land reclamation activities. Illegal sand extraction threatens the very existence of more than 80 small low-lying Indonesian islands bordering Singapore. However, the damage to the environment remains unknown as sand extraction is often happening in isolated places.