EU-27: annual circular material use rate

In 2022, an estimated 11.5 percent of material resources used in the European Union (EU-27) came from recycled waste materials. The EU's circular material rate has been on a mostly upward trend over the past decade, rising from some 8.2 percent in 2004. The circularity rate is the share of material resources used that come from recycled waste materials, therefore saving the extraction of primary raw materials.

Circular material use rate in the European Union (EU-27) from 2004 to 2022

Characteristic	Circular material use rate
2022*	11.5%
2021	11.4%
2020	11.6%
2019	11.3%
2018	11.6%
2017	11.5%
2016	11.4%
2015	11.2%
2014	11.1%
2013	11.2%
2012	11%
2011	10.2%
2010	10.7%
2009	10.4%
2008	9.2%
2007	8.9%
2006	9%
2005	8.7%
2004	8.2%

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Release date

2023

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Region

Survey time period

2004 to 2022

Supplementary notes

* Estimate
The circular material use rate, also called circularity rate, measures in percentage the share of material recycled and fed back into the economy – thus saving extraction of primary raw materials – in overall material use.

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