
Total global pharmaceutical R&D spending 2014-2028
over pre-clinical, and all clinical trial stages. At a certain point in the process – mostly during the pre-clinical phase – a governmental authority is involved to overview, regulate, and ultimately approve the drug. In the United States, the Food and Drug Administration is the principal agency associated with processes.
In 2022, research and development spending in the pharmaceutical industry totaled some 244 billion U.S. dollars globally. For comparison, R&D expenditures totaled 137 billion dollars in 2012. Pharmaceutical R&D includes all steps from the initial research of disease processes, the compound testing