Biotechnology R&D intensity in enterprise sector by country 2018

* Or latest year available (2017). R&D intensity defined as a percentage of industry value added.
For the Russian Federation, a proxy indicator is used: R&D expenditure in Life Sciences (before 2011 - Living Systems), which include bioengineering, biocatalysis, biosynthesis and biosensor technologies, biomedical and veterinary technologies, genomics and pharmaco-genetics, living cell technologies.
For the United States, prior to 2017 statistics are based on companies in the United States that reported to the survey and had 5 or more employees (i.e., these statistics do not include an adjustment to the weight to account for unit nonresponse). Beginning in 2017, the survey includes companies with 10 or more employees (companies with fewer than 10 employees are included in a separate survey, the Annual Business Survey). Beginning in 2018, weights are adjusted to account for unit nonresponse and statistics are for companies that performed or funded $50,000 or more of R&D.
For Canada, this includes medical biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology.
For Germany, 2017 BERD was uses as 2018 BERD was not available.
For Latvia, this includes medical biotechnology, environmental biotechnology, industrial biotechnology and agricultural biotechnology.
For Lithuania, 2019 data are preliminary.