With operations located mainly in Australia and the Americas, BHP is both an extractor and processor of minerals, oil, and natural gas. In 2019 the company reported an annual revenue of approximately 42.9 billion U.S. dollars, down from 59 billion U.S. dollars in 2008. Moreover, being one of the largest mining companies worldwide, its market capitalization amounted to some 44.07 billion U.S. dollars as of September 2018, making it one of the leading global players in the mining sector. It had some 31,589 employees as of 2020 globally, with the greatest share of the employees working in in Australia.

The company has four reportable segements: Iron Ore, Copper, Coal, and Petroleum. BHP also has a segment called 'Group and unallocated items' that includes the company's functions, other unallocated operations including potash, Nickel West, and legacy assets (which were previously discusled as mines in the Petroleum segment), and consolidation adjustments. The most profitable of the segements as of the fiscal year ended June 30, 2020 was the Iron Ore segment, which generated a revenue of 20.8 billion U.S. dollars that year.

Being a large global mining company, BHP is not free of controversy. In November 2015, a mine waste water dam in south-eastern Brazil that was jointly owned by BHP and Vale collapsed. It killed at least 17 people, injured more than 50 people, and caused devastating environmental damage to the surrounding area.

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