Indian staple food market - statistics and facts

Staples in the Indian diet vary based on region and are flavored by local spices. In spite of the fact that most of the population consumes meat regularly, meat and dairy products are not a part of the Indian staple diet. Indian staple food offers a variety of vegetarian options. What makes up the staples are rice, wheat, millets, pulses, dairy, vegetables, and fruits. However, carbohydrate consumption from wheat and rice is prominent in the north and south of the country, respectively.

Major staple food in India

Millets contributed to nearly 40 percent of all cultivated grains and were the primary cereals in central and southern India before the 1960s. However, post the Green Revolution, the government policies aided only rice and wheat production rendering the cultivation of millets economically unviable. Production of wheat was so low in the post-independent era that the country had to import it to fulfil demand. The use of modern technologies and methods in the green revolution period led to the development of high-yielding and rust-resistant strains of wheat, which increased the crop's production and productivity, making India drastically self-sufficient. Another integral part of the Indian diet is pulses or lentils that are high in protein content. It is the primary protein source for vegetarians as a plant-based protein, commonly consumed as dal or lentils. While the country produces lentils, due to its popularity and the rising demand, the country imported large volumes of lentils from Myanmar, Canada, and Mozambique.

India’s ban on wheat exports

Despite being the world’s third-largest wheat producer, India banned the export of wheat which has led to inflation in wheat prices and other products in the international markets. In Chicago, the benchmark wheat index surged to 5.9 percent, the highest level in two months. The reason for the ban was due to the damage to wheat crops by severe heatwaves and citing a threat to food security in India due to the Russia-Ukraine war, which led to rising in local wheat prices. However, the ban is not permanent and could be changed. Before the ban, India exported wheat worth over 1.52 billion U.S. dollars in the fiscal year 2023. The breadbasket of the world, Ukraine, has been hit by disruptions in shipments due to the invasion. However, following the Russian invasion, Ukraine’s wheat exports crashed. Commodity traders expected supplies from India to make up for part of the shortfall amid droughts and floods in other major producers.
This text provides general information. Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date data than referenced in the text.
Published by A. Minhas, Dec 19, 2023

Key insights

Gross value added for agriculture
39.8tr INR
Gross Value Added per worker
84.92k INR
Agriculture sector with highest GVA share
Crops sector
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Editor’s Picks Current statistics on this topic

Annual yield of rice in India from financial year 1991 to 2021, with an estimate for 2022 (in kilograms per hectare)

Crop Production

Annual yield of rice India FY 1991-2022

Area harvested for production of lentils across India from 2012 to 2021 (in 1,000 hectares)

Crop Production

Area harvested for lentils in India 2012-2021

Share of horticulture production in India in financial year 2021, by state

Crop Production

Horticulture production share in India FY 2021, by state

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