Foreign Debt

Industrialized Nations Have Biggest Foreign Debt

The problem – or privilege – of having a lot of foreign debt is one shared mainly among industrialized nations. Topping the ranking of the countries that borrowed most from others is the United States, which is 20.41 trillion U.S. dollars in debt, according to latest numbers available in the World Bank. Next in line is the United Kingdom, which has racked up 8.77 trillion in foreign debt, followed by France, which owes 6.25 trillion.

Even small countries, like Luxembourg or the Netherlands appear towards the top of the list which has to do with the banking sectors in these countries buying up foreign debt liabilities as well as the countries’ social systems spending a lot on their citizens.

Other small countries, especially tiny island nations, and many African countries have the least foreign debt, according to the ranking. Other outliers include closed-off nations or dictatorships like Brunei, Turkmenistan and Bhutan.

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This chart shows the countries with the highest foreign debt.

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Countries with the highest public debt worldwide in 2023 (in trillion U.S. dollars)
Economies with the highest government debt as a share of gross domestic product in 2026
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Countries with the highest public debt as a share of the gross domestic product worldwide in 2023
External debt as percentage of gross domestic product in Latin America in 2022, by country
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Total external debt stock in Sub-Saharan Africa in 2024, by selected country (in million U.S. dollars)
Countries with the highest IMF debt in Africa in July 2025 (in billion U.S. dollars)

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