European Football Benchmark in Italy 2021

Topics of the survey

• Fans & followers
• Club image
• Sponsorship
• Social media & fan engagement
• eSports
• Information on football
• Watching football
• Stadium experience
• Merchandise
• European club competitions
• Football finances
• International competitions
• VAR
• Women's football
• Betting
• Player ratings
• Characteristics & demographics

• Method: Online survey
• Survey name: GCS Special European Football Benchmark in Italy
• Region: Italy
• Number of respondents: 2,618
• Age of respondents: 16 to 64 years
• Type of respondents: Italian residential online population interested in football
• Survey time period: May 2021

• Gender
• Age (10 years)
• Education - International comparison

Fans & followers

• Which of the following statements about football do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following football leagues do you follow (e.g., by looking at news, results, social media)? Please select all that apply.
• Which is your favorite league?
• Which Premier League teams do you follow (i.e. look at news, follow on social media etc.)? Please select all that apply..
• Which Bundesliga teams do you follow (i.e. look at news, follow on social media etc.)? Please select all that apply..
• Which LaLiga teams do you follow (i.e. look at news, follow on social media etc.)? Please select all that apply..
• Which Serie A teams do you follow (i.e. look at news, follow on social media etc.)? Please select all that apply..
• Which Ligue 1 teams do you follow (i.e. look at news, follow on social media etc.)? Please select all that apply..
• Which of these teams is your favorite/main team?

• Thinking about a football club’s reputation, which of following statements do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Arsenal
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Aston Villa
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Brentford
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Brighton & Hove Albion
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Burnley
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Chelsea
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Crystal Palace
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Everton
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Fulham
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Leeds United
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Leicester City
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Liverpool
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Manchester City
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Manchester United
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Newcastle United
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Norwich City
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Sheffield United
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Southampton
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Tottenham Hotspur
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Watford
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards West Bromwich Albion
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards West Ham United
• You said the Premier league is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Wolverhampton Wanderers
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Arminia Bielefeld
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Bayer 04 Leverkusen
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Borussia Dortmund
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Borussia Mönchengladbach
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Eintracht Frankfurt
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards FC Augsburg
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards FC Bayern München
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards FC Köln
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards FC Schalke 04
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards FC St. Pauli
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards FSV Mainz 05
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Greuther Fürth
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Hamburger SV
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Hertha BSC
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Holstein Kiel
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards RB Leipzig
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards SC Freiburg
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards SV Werder Bremen
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards TSG 1899 Hoffenheim
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Union Berlin
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards VfB Stuttgart
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards VfL Bochum
• You said the Bundesliga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards VfL Wolfsburg
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Alaves
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Athletic Bilbao
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Atletico Madrid
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Barcelona
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Cádiz
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Celta Vigo
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Eibar
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Elche
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Espanyol
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Getafe
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Granada
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Huesca
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Levante
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Mallorca
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Osasuna
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Real Betis
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Real Madrid
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Real Sociedad
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Real Valladolid
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Sevilla
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Valencia
• You said the LaLiga is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Villarreal
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Atalanta
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Benevento
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Bologna
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Cagliari
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Crotone
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Empoli
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Fiorentina
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Genoa
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Hellas Verona
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Internazionale
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Juventus
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Lazio
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Lecce
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Milan
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Napoli
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Parma
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Roma
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Salernitana
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Sampdoria
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Sassuolo
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Spezia
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Torino
• You said the Serie A is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Udinese
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Angers SCO
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Bordeaux
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Brest
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Dijon FCO
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Lorient
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards LOSC Lille
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Lyon
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Marseille
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Metz
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Monaco
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Montpellier
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Nantes
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Nice
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Nimes Olympique
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Paris Saint-Germain
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards RC Lens
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Reims
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Rennes
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Saint-Etienne
• You said the Ligue 1 is your favorite league. Which of the clubs do you like or dislike in that league? / Attitudes towards Strasbourg
• In your opinion, what are the most important attributes of a club? Please choose a maximum of 3.
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Arsenal? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Arsenal
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Aston Villa? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Aston Villa
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Brentford? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Brentford
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Brighton & Hove Albion? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Brighton & Hove Albion
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Burnley? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Burnley
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Chelsea? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Chelsea
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Crystal Palace? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Crystal Palace
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Everton? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Everton
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Fulham? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Fulham
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Leeds United? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Leeds United
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Leicester City? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Leicester City
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Liverpool? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Liverpool
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Manchester City? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Manchester City
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Manchester United? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Manchester United
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Newcastle United? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Newcastle United
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Norwich City? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Norwich City
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Sheffield United? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Sheffield United
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Southampton? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Southampton
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Tottenham Hotspur? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Tottenham Hotspur
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Watford? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Watford
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of West Bromwich Albion? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of West Bromwich Albion
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of West Ham United? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of West Ham United
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Wolverhampton Wanderers? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Wolverhampton Wanderers
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Arminia Bielefeld? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Arminia Bielefeld
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Bayer 04 Leverkusen? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Bayer 04 Leverkusen
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Borussia Dortmund? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Borussia Dortmund
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Borussia Mönchengladbach? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Borussia Mönchengladbach
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Eintracht Frankfurt? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Eintracht Frankfurt
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of FC Augsburg? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of FC Augsburg
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of FC Bayern München? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of FC Bayern München
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of FC Köln? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of FC Köln
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of FC Schalke 04? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of FC Schalke 04
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of FC St. Pauli? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of FC St. Pauli
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of FSV Mainz 05? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of FSV Mainz 05
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Greuther Fürth? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Greuther Fürth
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Hamburger SV? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Hamburger SV
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Hertha BSC? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Hertha BSC
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Holstein Kiel? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Holstein Kiel
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of RB Leipzig? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of RB Leipzig
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of SC Freiburg? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of SC Freiburg
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of SV Werder Bremen? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of SV Werder Bremen
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of TSG 1899 Hoffenheim? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of TSG 1899 Hoffenheim
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Union Berlin? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Union Berlin
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of VfB Stuttgart? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of VfB Stuttgart
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of VfL Bochum? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of VfL Bochum
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of VfL Wolfsburg? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of VfL Wolfsburg
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Alaves? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Alaves
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Athletic Bilbao? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Athletic Bilbao
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Atletico Madrid? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Atletico Madrid
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Barcelona? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Barcelona
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Cádiz? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Cádiz
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Celta Vigo? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Celta Vigo
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Eibar? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Eibar
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Elche? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Elche
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Espanyol? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Espanyol
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Getafe? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Getafe
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Granada? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Granada
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Huesca? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Huesca
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Levante? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Levante
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Mallorca? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Mallorca
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Osasuna? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Osasuna
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Real Betis? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Real Betis
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Real Madrid? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Real Madrid
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Real Sociedad? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Real Sociedad
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Real Valladolid? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Real Valladolid
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Sevilla? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Sevilla
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Valencia? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Valencia
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Villarreal? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Villarreal
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Atalanta? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Atalanta
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Benevento? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Benevento
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Bologna? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Bologna
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Cagliari? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Cagliari
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Crotone? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Crotone
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Empoli? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Empoli
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Fiorentina? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Fiorentina
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Genoa? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Genoa
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Hellas Verona? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Hellas Verona
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Internazionale? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Internazionale
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Juventus? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Juventus
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Lazio? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Lazio
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Lecce? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Lecce
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Milan? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Milan
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Napoli? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Napoli
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Parma? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Parma
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Roma? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Roma
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Salernitana? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Salernitana
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Sampdoria? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Sampdoria
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Sassuolo? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Sassuolo
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Spezia? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Spezia
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Torino? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Torino
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Udinese? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Udinese
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Angers SCO? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Angers SCO
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Bordeaux? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Bordeaux
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Brest? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Brest
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Dijon FCO? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Dijon FCO
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Lorient? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Lorient
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of LOSC Lille? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of LOSC Lille
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Lyon? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Lyon
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Marseille? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Marseille
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Metz? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Metz
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Monaco? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Monaco
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Montpellier? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Montpellier
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Nantes? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Nantes
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Nice? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Nice
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Nimes Olympique? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Nimes Olympique
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Paris Saint-Germain? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Paris Saint-Germain
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of RC Lens? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of RC Lens
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Reims? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Reims
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Rennes? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Rennes
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Saint-Etienne? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Saint-Etienne
• Which of the following are the main characteristics that are typical of Strasbourg? Please choose a maximum of 3. / Characteristics of Strasbourg

• Let’s now focus on the topic of sponsoring in football. Which of the following statements about sponsors in football do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• Where have you noticed sponsoring or adverts in football over the past 4 weeks? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following industries would you most like to sponsor your club(s)? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you know, at least by name? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you know, at least by name? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you know, at least by name? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you know, at least by name? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you know, at least by name? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you personally like? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you personally like? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you personally like? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you personally like? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following brands do you personally like? Please select all that apply.

• The following questions are about your use of social media in relation to football. Which of these statements about football on social media do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following social media platforms do you use in general? Please select all that apply.
• Which social media platforms do you use with regards to football? Please select all that apply.
• How often do you inform yourself about football using social media?
• Which of the following things, related to football, have you done on social networks in the past 3 month? Please select all that apply.
• Which of these topics or people do you follow on social media with regards to football? Please select all that apply.
• Which topics would you like to hear more about from football clubs via their social media?
• Thinking about the football content you see on social media, which type of format do you prefer? Please select all that apply.

• Which of these statements about eSports do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• Are you interested in eSports?
• Which of the following eSports genres are you interested in? Please select all that apply.
• Which of the following sports video games do you watch or play regularly? Please select all that apply.

• The following questions are about where you find information about football, excluding social media. Where else do you get information about football? Please select all that apply.
• What kind of mobile apps do you use to get information about football? Please select all that apply.
• How often do you inform yourself about football using mobile apps?
• What kind of websites do you use to get information about football? Please select all that apply.
• How often do you inform yourself about football using websites?
• Which of the following media providers do you use at least occasionally to get information about football (web and print offerings)? Please select all that apply.

• The following questions are about watching football on TV and video streams. Which of these statements on watching football do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• Which ways do you follow football games? (live games as well as summaries and post-match report)? Please select all that apply.
• How often do you usually watch football during the season (live matches, highlights, and post-match reports)?
• Which devices do you usually use to watch football content at home? Please select all that apply.
• Which of these providers do you use as a paying customer to watch football (either as a subscription or as pay-per-view)? Please select all that apply.
• On average, how much do you spend on watching football per month on TV or streaming? If you’re not sure, please estimate.
• Which of the following TV football shows have you watched in the past 12 month? Please select all that apply.
• And which is your favorite TV football show?

• Now, more generally: In your opinion, what improves a stadium experience? Please select all that apply.
• Now some questions about watching football live at the stadium. Before COVID-19, did you visit football stadiums regularly?
• Are you planning to visit football stadiums regularly after the pandemic?
• What would you like to see implemented at stadiums due to the COVID-19 pandemic to feel safe? Please select all that apply.

• The next topic is football merchandise. Which of the following statements about football merchandise do you agree with?? Please select all that apply.
• Have you bought football merchandise in the past 12 months?
• Which of the following types of football merchandise do you own? Please select all that apply.
• Do you usually buy or receive a kit, jersey, or shirt of your favorite club every season?
• Do you own merchandise for teams other than your favorite/main club?
• Now two questions about kit/jersey suppliers. From which of the following kit/jersey suppliers have you bought clothes from in the past 12 month? Please select all that apply.
• And in general, which of the following kit/jersey suppliers designs the best kits/jerseys? Please select your favorite.
• Where have you bought your merchandise from in the past 12 month? Please select all that apply.
• How have you made payments for merchandise online in the past 12 months? Please select all that apply.
• How much have you spent on football merchandise in the past 12 months? If you're not sure, please make an estimate.

• The following questions are about European club competitions. Which of the following statements about European club competitions do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• How interested or not are you in the Champions League?
• How interested or not are you in the Europa League?
• There are discussions about creating a Super League for the top European club teams. Would you be for or against this idea?

• Which of the following statements about finances in football do you agree with? Please select all that apply.

• The following questions are about international competitions (e.g., World Cup) and national teams. Which of these statements about international competitions do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• How interested or not are you in the World Cup?
• How interested or not are you in the European Championships?
• Which country will win the Euro 2020?
• Which country would you least like to see win the Euro 2020?

• Now two questions are about VAR (video assisted referee).Which of the following statements about VAR do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• Should VAR be kept or abandoned?

• The following questions are about women’s football. Which of these statements about women’s football do you agree with? Please select all that apply.
• Do you watch women’s football regularly?
• How interested or not are you in women’s club football?
• How interested or not are you in your country’s women’s national team?

• The following questions are on betting and gambling in football. Do you bet on football games?
• How much do you bet on football games on average per week? If you are not sure, please give an average guess.
• Overall, do you think you win or lose money over an average season when betting on football?
• Which betting companies do you use to bet on football game? Please select all that apply.

• Which player do you like or dislike? Cristiano Ronaldo
• Which player do you like or dislike? Zlatan Ibrahimović
• Which player do you like or dislike? Erling Haaland
• Which player do you like or dislike? Harry Kane
• Which player do you like or dislike? Heung-Min Son
• Which player do you like or dislike? Jadon Sancho
• Which player do you like or dislike? Kylian Mbappé
• Which player do you like or dislike? Lionel Messi
• Which player do you like or dislike? Marcus Rashford
• Which player do you like or dislike? Mohamed Salah
• Which player do you like or dislike? Neymar
• Which player do you like or dislike? Raheem Sterling
• Which player do you like or dislike? Robert Lewandowski
• Which player do you like or dislike? Romelu Lukaku
• Which player do you like or dislike? Sadio Mané
• Which player do you like or dislike? Bruno Fernandes
• Which player do you like or dislike? Dele Alli
• Which player do you like or dislike? Federico Valverde
• Which player do you like or dislike? Frenkie De Jong
• Which player do you like or dislike? Joshua Kimmich
• Which player do you like or dislike? Kai Havertz
• Which player do you like or dislike? Kevin De Bruyne
• Which player do you like or dislike? Leon Goretzka
• Which player do you like or dislike? Leroy Sané
• Which player do you like or dislike? Marcos Llorente
• Which player do you like or dislike? Paul Pogba
• Which player do you like or dislike? Paulo Dybala
• Which player do you like or dislike? Pedri
• Which player do you like or dislike? Phil Foden
• Which player do you like or dislike? Rodri
• Which player do you like or dislike? Trent Alexander-Arnold
• Which player do you like or dislike? Aphonso Davies
• Which player do you like or dislike? Matthijs de Ligt
• Which player do you like or dislike? Rúben Dias
• Which player do you like or dislike? Andrew Robertson
• Which player do you like or dislike? Marquinhos
• Which player do you like or dislike? Raphaël Varane
• Which player do you like or dislike? Virgil van Dijk
• Which player do you like or dislike? Jules Koundé
• Which player do you like or dislike? Dayot Upamecano
• Which player do you like or dislike? Sergio Ramos
• Which player do you like or dislike? Harry Maguire
• Which player do you like or dislike? John Stones
• Which player do you like or dislike? Mats Hummels
• Which player do you like or dislike? Alisson Becker
• Which player do you like or dislike? André Onana
• Which player do you like or dislike? Ederson
• Which player do you like or dislike? Edouard Mendy
• Which player do you like or dislike? Gianluigi Donnarumma
• Which player do you like or dislike? Hugo Lloris
• Which player do you like or dislike? Jan Oblak
• Which player do you like or dislike? Manuel Neuer
• Which player do you like or dislike? Marc-André ter Stegen
• Which player do you like or dislike? Thibaut Courtois
• Which player do you like or dislike? Unai Simón
• Which player do you like or dislike? Wojciech Szczesny

• What is your gender?
• Age
• Age, categorial
• Age, generations
• What is your marital status?
• Do you consider yourself part of the LGBTQ+ community?
• What is your gender identity?
• Which of the following best describes you?
• Which of the following best describes you?
• Do you consider yourself to have a disability?
• What is the highest level of education you have completed?
• Recode based on "What is the highest level of education you have completed?"
• Which of the following categories best describes your current employment status?
• If you add up everything: About how high is the annual gross income that your total household disposes of, before tax and contributions?
• Where do you currently live?
• Recode based on "Where do you currently live?"
• How big is the town you live in?
• In what type of community do you live?
• How many people – including yourself and all children – permanently live in your household?
• How many children and teenagers below 14 years of age permanently live in your household, no matter if they are your natural children or not?
• Out of the following list, which are the 3 most important aspects to you in life? Please choose exactly 3.
• Many people use the terms 'left' and 'right' when they want to describe political views. Where would you place yourself on a scale from left to right?
• Recode based on "Many people use the terms 'left' and 'right' when they want to describe political views. Where would you place yourself on a scale from left to right?"
• Recode based on "Many people use the terms 'left' and 'right' when they want to describe political views. Where would you place yourself on a scale from left to right?"
• What other sports are you a fan of? Please select all that apply..
• What are your hobbies and interests? Please select all that apply..