The gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in Spain increased by 0.2 percent in 2020. Therefore, the gross domestic expenditure in Spain reached a peak in 2020 with 1.41 percent.
GERD is the gross domestic expenditure on research and development, and is the total financial resources (both national and foreign) spent on research and development. Find more key insights for the gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in countries like France and Netherlands.
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in Spain from 2001 to 2020
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OECD. (September 30, 2021). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in Spain from 2001 to 2020 [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved July 27, 2024, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/421001/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-research-and-development-gdp-spain/
OECD. "Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in Spain from 2001 to 2020." Chart. September 30, 2021. Statista. Accessed July 27, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/421001/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-research-and-development-gdp-spain/
OECD. (2021). Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in Spain from 2001 to 2020. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: July 27, 2024. https://www.statista.com/statistics/421001/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-research-and-development-gdp-spain/
OECD. "Gross Domestic Expenditure on Research and Development (Gerd) as a Percentage of Gdp in Spain from 2001 to 2020." Statista, Statista Inc., 30 Sep 2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/421001/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-research-and-development-gdp-spain/
OECD, Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in Spain from 2001 to 2020 Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/421001/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-research-and-development-gdp-spain/ (last visited July 27, 2024)
Gross domestic expenditure on research and development (GERD) as a percentage of GDP in Spain from 2001 to 2020 [Graph], OECD, September 30, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/421001/gross-domestic-expenditure-on-research-and-development-gdp-spain/