Bruna Alves
Research lead covering environment and sustainability
Detailed statistics
Global mean sea level change 1993-2023
Detailed statistics
Annual global sea level rise 2019, by process
Detailed statistics
Estimated change in global sea level rise 2040-2100, by scenario
Northern Hemisphere's sea ice extent in December 1980-2023
Extent of sea ice in December in the Northern Hemisphere from 1980 to 2023 (in million square kilometers)
Maximum Arctic sea ice extent 1979-2024
Maximum Arctic sea ice extent from 1979 to 2024 (in million square kilometers)
Global ocean temperature anomalies 1880-2023
Annual anomalies in global ocean surface temperature from 1880 to 2023, based on temperature departure (in degrees Celsius)
Increase in mean sea surface temperature 1993-2019, by location
Increase in mean sea surface temperature worldwide between 1993 and 2019, by select location (in degrees Celsius per year)
Global mean sea level change 1993-2023
Mean sea level variation worldwide from 1993 to 2023 (in millimeters)
Global mean steric sea height growth 2005-2023
Steric sea surface height variation worldwide from 2005 to 2023 (in millimeters)
Global mean ocean mass growth 2002-2023
Ocean mass variation worldwide from 2002 to 2023 (in millimeters)
Annual global sea level rise 2019, by process
Average annual sea level variation worldwide as of 2019, by process (in millimeters per year)
Increase in mean sea level worldwide 1993-2020, by location
Rate of mean sea level rise worldwide between 1993 and 2020, by select location (in millimeters per year)
Estimated change in global sea level rise in 2100, by scenario
Estimated changes in sea level rise worldwide due to land ice contribution by 2100, by scenario (in centimeters)
Estimated change in global sea level rise 2040-2100, by scenario
Estimated changes in sea level rise worldwide between 2040 and 2100, by scenario (in millimeters per year)
Population exposed to sea level rise in Africa 2000-2060
Number of people exposed to sea level rise in Africa from 2000 to 2060 (in millions)
Number of heritage sites at risk of flooding in Africa 2022-2050
Number of cultural and natural heritage sites at risk from coastal flooding and erosion in Africa in 2022 and 2050
Major city areas affected by sea level rise Asia 2030, by city
Projected size of areas affected by the impact of sea level rise and flooding in seven major cities in Asia in 2030, by city (in square kilometers)
Major city population affected by sea level rise Asia 2030, by city
Projected population size affected by the impact of sea level rise and flooding in seven major cities in Asia in 2030, by city (in millions)
Economic loss caused by coastal floods in the EU 2020-2100, by scenario
Economic damage due to coastal flooding in the European Union in 2020 and 2100, by scenario (in billion euros per year)
Number of people exposed to coastal flooding in the EU 2020-2100, by scenario
Population exposed to coastal floods in the European Union in 2020 and 2100, by scenario (in 1,000 people per year)
Percentage of houses at risk of flooding in the U.S. by 2100
Share of housing units projected to be in high risk flooding zones in the United States by 2100, by state
Share of housing at risk of flooding in the U.S. 2100, by leading city
Cities with the highest share of total housing units projected to be in high risk flooding zones in the United States by 2100
Annual flooded area of small island nations due to sea level rise 2020-2150
Expected annual flooded area of small island developing states due to sea level rise from 2020 to 2150, by scenario (in square kilometers)
Economic impact on small island nations due to sea level rise 2020-2150
Projected direct economic impacts on the Alliance of Small Island States (AOSIS) due to sea level rise from 2020 to 2150, by scenario (in billion U.S. dollars)
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