Energy storage cost worldwide, by select technology 2024
A recent research on thermal energy storage showed that using warm sand for heat storage would be one of the least costly long-term energy storage technologies in the world. The cost of sand storage would range between four and 10 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour, compared to 60 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour for pumped hydropower storage and over 300 U.S. dollars per kilowatt-hour for short-duration energy storage in lithium-ion batteries.