Agriculture in Vietnam - statistics & facts

Major agricultural products of Vietnam

After Vietnam’s trade liberalization and agricultural reforms, both the volume of production and the value of exports of the agriculture sector increased significantly. Since the 1990s, several major intensive monoculture systems emerged across the country, such as the rice monoculture in the Mekong Delta and the intensive production of coffee and pepper in the Central Highlands. Many of the agricultural products in the country initially addressed domestic consumption. For instance, Vietnam’s rice consumption is one of the highest worldwide, Vietnam is also one of the largest paddy rice producers in the world. Meanwhile, several other agricultural products have become major export commodities, such as coffee, pepper, cashew nut, and rubber. In recent years, Vietnam has constantly been the second-largest coffee exporter globally, after Brazil. The country also accounted for over 40 percent of pepper production share in the Asia Pacific region.

Climate change impacts on Vietnam’s agriculture sector

The agriculture sector of Vietnam has been facing certain challenges due to the changing climate in recent years. Rice production in the Mekong Delta, the most important growing region in the country, has been negatively influenced by the effects of climate change. Due to drought and related saltwater intrusion, the volume of rice produced in the Mekong Delta has been forecast to decrease. On the other hand, the increased salination levels created an opportunity for farmers to switch from cultivating rice to farming shrimp, which have a higher export value. The government has been providing training for farmers and loans to help farmers make the transition to shrimp farming. By 2025, Vietnam aims to double its current earnings from shrimp exports.

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