G20: carbon pricing by fossil fuel 2021

In 2021, the average effective carbon rate for of gasoline across G20 economies was 86.07 euros per metric ton of carbon dioxide. The highest rates are mainly for fuels used within the transportation sector. Although the carbon rate for coal has increased in recent years, it remains the lowest price across the G20. The effective carbon rate is the sum of explicit carbon prices of carbon taxes, emissions trading schemes, and fuel excise taxes.

Average effective carbon rates across G20 countries in 2021, by fossil fuel (in euros per metric ton of carbon dioxide)

Characteristic	Carbon price in euros per metric ton of CO2
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Release date

October 2021

More information

Region

Worldwide

Survey time period

2021

Supplementary notes

Includes all G20 countries with the exception of Saudi Arabia.
Average effective carbon rates. Taxes are those applicable on April 1, 2021. The ETS price is the average ETS auction price for the first semester of 2021, with the exception of China and the UK where it is based on information for the period in which they were operational and the U.S. RGGI and Massachusetts and Tokyo subnational systems where a 2020 average was used.
Prices are expressed in real 2021 euros per metric tons of CO2.

The effective carbon rate is the sum of explicit carbon prices (carbon taxes + ETS + fuel excise taxes)

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