China: rare earths production 2023

China is the world's largest producer of rare earths by a large margin. In 2023, China's production quota of rare earths amounted to 240,000 metric tons of rare-earth-oxide (REO) equivalent. This figure does not include undocumented production volumes.

The following elements are among rare earths: cerium (Ce), dysprosium (Dy), erbium (Er), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), holmium (Ho), lanthanum (La), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), and yttrium (Y).

Mine production of rare earths in China from 2010 to 2023 (in metric tons REO)

Characteristic	Production in metric tons of rare-earth oxide
2023	240,000
2022	210,000
2021	168,000
2020	140,000
2019	132,000
2018	120,000
2017	105,000
2016	105,000
2015	105,000
2014	105,000
2013	95,000
2012	100,000
2011	105,000
2010	130,000

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Release date

January 2024

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Region

China

Survey time period

2010 to 2023

Supplementary notes

REO: rare earth oxide.
The figures in this statistic refer to the production quota and do not include undocumented production.
This statistic has been assembled using several editions of the report.

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