
Rare earths production in the U.S. 2012-2022, by type
Bastnäsite is a group of three carbonate-fluoride minerals, each composed of different combinations of the rare earth elements cerium, lanthanum, and yttrium in combination with carbonate-fluoride. Rare earth elements today are commonly used in automobile catalysts and petroleum refining catalysts, televisions, magnets, batteries, and medical devices.