European Central Bank - statistics & facts

The European Central Bank (ECB) plays a critical role in Europe’s economy. The ECB is the central bank for the euro, a currency used by 19 out of 27 member states. The euro currency makes up one part of several of the most traded forex currency pairs, where the most common traded one of all pairs is the euro to the U.S. dollar (EUR/USD FX rate). The nineteen countries - which adopted the euro - constitute the Eurozone. The ECB is responsible for administering monetary policy of the member states, which together make up one of the largest currency areas in the world; this makes the ECB one of the world’s most important central banks.

What is the main function of ECB?

The ECB controls the monetary policy of the member states in a number of ways, one of which is its sole right to decide the issuance of  euro banknotes and the authorization for the issuance of euro coins. The issuance of currency and the strict control of monetary policy enable the ECB to achieve its primary objective, i.e. the maintenance of price stability in the euro area (keeping inflation as low as possible and preventing deflation).

What other tasks do ECB have?

Among other tasks assigned to the ECB are conducting foreign exchange operations, taking care of foreign reserves, as well as other assets, promoting the smooth operation of the Target2 interbank payment system for the real-time processing of cross-border transfers throughout the union and devising policies to take on the challenges that face the euro in these challenging economic times.
This text provides general information. Statista assumes no liability for the information given being complete or correct. Due to varying update cycles, statistics can display more up-to-date data than referenced in the text.
Published by Statista Research Department, Aug 30, 2023

Key insights

European Central Bank fixed interest rate
4%
European Central Bank interest rate on deposit facilities
3.5%
Marginal lending facility of ECB
150m EUR
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Development of the money supply M1 in the euro area from 2001 to 2022 (in billion euros)

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Value of money supply M1 in euro area 2001-2022

Fluctuation of the European Central Bank fixed interest rate from 2008 to 2023

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Fixed rate interest rates set by the ECB 2008-2023

Value of euro banknotes in circulation from 2002 to 2021 (in billion euros)

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Value of euro banknotes in circulation 2002-2021

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