Female to male sex ratio in Russia 2021, by age group

As of 2021, the number of women exceeded that of men in Russia in all age categories above 35 years old. The lowest female-to-male ratio was recorded among Russians between zero and four years old, measuring at 944 girls per one thousand boys. Within the category aged 70 years and older, the number of women was approximately 2.3 times higher than that of men.

Fertility rate in Russia

According to the United Nations' report World Population Prospects 2019, Russia could have less than 84 million population by 2100. The fertility rate increased in recent years due to numerous programs implemented by the government to encourage births, such as maternal capital benefits. However, the birth rate could decrease again in the 2020s due to a decline in births in the early 1990s, with fewer Russian women entering reproductive age.

Maternity capital benefits in Russia

Launched in 2007, the maternal capital program by the Russian state announced that a woman, or in particular cases, a man receiving a second child would receive a bonus from the government, that they could decide to spend on mortgage, pension of the parent, or education of a child. The main objective of the program, which was introduced in 2007, was resolving the demographic problem. In 2020, the program was slated for extension until 2026, with a subsidy per family receiving a second child increased and set to be indexed annually. Furthermore, the program also applied to mothers receiving their first child starting from 2020.