Of the 1.3 million people deported to Auschwitz during the Holocaust, between 1941 and 1945, roughly 400,000 were made prisoner and used for forced labor, while most of the remaining 900,000 were killed on arrival. Jews made up the largest ethnic group within the registered prison population, but this was much lower than their share of total arrivals or deaths at Auschwitz. In contrast, almost all of the (non-Jewish) Poles, Roma, or Soviet POWs who arrived at the camp were registered as laborers, yet most of these still died through a variety of other factors; such as exhaustion, starvation, disease, and murder.
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Estimated number of registered prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex during the Holocaust 1941-1945, by ethnic origin
Characteristic
Number of people
Jews
200,000
Poles
140,000
Roma
21,000
Soviet captives
12,000
Czech
9,000
Belarussian
6,000
German
4,000
French
4,000
Russian
1,500
Yugoslavian
800
Ukrainian
500
Other
200
Created with Highcharts 7.2.2Number of people200,000200,000140,000140,00021,00021,00012,00012,0009,0009,0006,0006,0004,0004,0004,0004,0001,5001,500800800500500200200JewsPolesRomaSoviet captivesCzechBelarussianGermanFrenchRussianYugoslavianUkrainianOther
050,000100,000150,000200,000250,000
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Gedenkstätte und Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. (December 1, 2015). Estimated number of registered prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex during the Holocaust 1941-1945, by ethnic origin [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved October 02, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1291397/auschwitz-prison-population-by-origin/
Gedenkstätte und Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. "Estimated number of registered prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex during the Holocaust 1941-1945, by ethnic origin." Chart. December 1, 2015. Statista. Accessed October 02, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1291397/auschwitz-prison-population-by-origin/
Gedenkstätte und Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. (2015). Estimated number of registered prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex during the Holocaust 1941-1945, by ethnic origin. Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: October 02, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1291397/auschwitz-prison-population-by-origin/
Gedenkstätte und Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau. "Estimated Number of Registered Prisoners at The Auschwitz Concentration Camp Complex during The Holocaust 1941-1945, by Ethnic Origin." Statista, Statista Inc., 1 Dec 2015, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1291397/auschwitz-prison-population-by-origin/
Gedenkstätte und Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, Estimated number of registered prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex during the Holocaust 1941-1945, by ethnic origin Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1291397/auschwitz-prison-population-by-origin/ (last visited October 02, 2025)
Estimated number of registered prisoners at the Auschwitz concentration camp complex during the Holocaust 1941-1945, by ethnic origin [Graph], Gedenkstätte und Museum Auschwitz-Birkenau, December 1, 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1291397/auschwitz-prison-population-by-origin/
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