The demographic evolution of the Iberic country is also influenced by other two key historical aspects: the migration flow and the decrease of the fertility rate. These two aspects and the increase of life expectancy in the country create an inverted pyramid, where the base is the narrowest part. This follows the patterns of developed countries with low mortality rates. In other words, the Spanish population tend to slowly but constantly age.

Surviving in retirement

These developments bring with them a constant increase in the expenses of the social security system in Spain for pensions, with the amount not always enough to live comfortably. The average amount of a retirement pension in the country is just over 1,100 euros a month, though this figure depends on the scheme and place of residence. For example, pensioners that belong to the general scheme receive 1,200 euros or more a month, but the figure drops to less than 800 euros for self-employed workers. Another concern is the increasing cost of living in Spain, with more than 38 percent of pensions are used to pay for housing, and 16 percent for groceries and food in general. Also an important part of living costs is spending on health, even if this expense represents a lower share than the basic ones.

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