It is estimated that by 2030, using alternative fuels in container shipping will almost be as economical as using heavy fuel oil (HFO). In 2030, operating an HFO-fueled container ship and a corresponding bunkering location in the Middle East is expected to cost about
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million U.S. dollars a year. Switching to LNG - a low-carbon alternative fuel - will cost the same amount of money, while replacing HFO with ammonia - a zero-carbon alternative fuel - will come at a price of about
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Annual price for operating a container ship and a bunkering location in the Middle East in 2030, by fuel type
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Referring to a 67 MW container ship with a capacity of 13,000–15,000 TEU and sailing distance of 84,200 sm/year.
Figures include operation and maintenance costs, costs of fuel, as well as CAPEX.
* Dual fuel engine powered by 50 percent HFO and 50 percent ammonia.
** Second-generation biodiesel based on used cooking oil.
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McKinsey & Company. (February 28, 2021). Annual price for operating a container ship and a bunkering location in the Middle East in 2030, by fuel type (in million U.S. dollars per year) [Graph]. In Statista. Retrieved August 14, 2025, from https://www.statista.com/statistics/1267782/costs-of-using-different-types-of-alternative-fuels-for-container-ship/
McKinsey & Company. "Annual price for operating a container ship and a bunkering location in the Middle East in 2030, by fuel type (in million U.S. dollars per year)." Chart. February 28, 2021. Statista. Accessed August 14, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1267782/costs-of-using-different-types-of-alternative-fuels-for-container-ship/
McKinsey & Company. (2021). Annual price for operating a container ship and a bunkering location in the Middle East in 2030, by fuel type (in million U.S. dollars per year). Statista. Statista Inc.. Accessed: August 14, 2025. https://www.statista.com/statistics/1267782/costs-of-using-different-types-of-alternative-fuels-for-container-ship/
McKinsey & Company. "Annual Price for Operating a Container Ship and a Bunkering Location in The Middle East in 2030, by Fuel Type (in Million U.S. Dollars per Year)." Statista, Statista Inc., 28 Feb 2021, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1267782/costs-of-using-different-types-of-alternative-fuels-for-container-ship/
McKinsey & Company, Annual price for operating a container ship and a bunkering location in the Middle East in 2030, by fuel type (in million U.S. dollars per year) Statista, https://www.statista.com/statistics/1267782/costs-of-using-different-types-of-alternative-fuels-for-container-ship/ (last visited August 14, 2025)
Annual price for operating a container ship and a bunkering location in the Middle East in 2030, by fuel type (in million U.S. dollars per year) [Graph], McKinsey & Company, February 28, 2021. [Online]. Available: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1267782/costs-of-using-different-types-of-alternative-fuels-for-container-ship/
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