Einar H. Dyvik
Research expert covering Nordics and global data for society, economy, and politics
Global demographics - Statistics & Facts
The world population passed eight billion people in November 2022, a figure that is expected to reach nine billion within 2040. The world's total population has increased rapidly over the past century as new medical developments and increasing standards of living have slowed infant mortality and led to people living longer than before. Today, global life expectancy stands at 73.4 years, but there are significant differences between different countries; whereas people in Japan on average live until the age of 84, the average inhabitant in Chad does not reach the age of 53. As a result of the aging population in Japan, the production volume of adult diapers in the country has boomed over the past 10 years, and several countries face challenges with shrinking working-age populations in the coming decades.
The majority of the world's population lives in Asia, with China and India being the world's most populous countries, accounting for over 2.8 billion of the planet's total population. However, the highest population increase over the next decades is expected to take place in Africa, where 40 percent of the population is below 15 years old and where the highest birth rates in the world are found.
While the highest fertility rates are found in African countries, the highest death rates are found in Eastern European countries. One reason behind this is the high number of COVID-19 -related deaths in these countries during the pandemic, where a combination of an old population, low vaccination rates, and poor enforcement of policies aimed at curbing the outbreak led to high death tolls. Bulgaria, the country with the highest death rate worldwide in 2021, had a death rate of 22 per 1,000 inhabitants. Worldwide, there were 8.7 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants in 2021.
The majority of the world's population lives in Asia, with China and India being the world's most populous countries, accounting for over 2.8 billion of the planet's total population. However, the highest population increase over the next decades is expected to take place in Africa, where 40 percent of the population is below 15 years old and where the highest birth rates in the world are found.
Births and deaths
The global fertility rate decreased over the past 10 years, meaning that each woman of child-bearing age on Earth is having fewer children. The highest fertility rates worldwide are found in the least-developed and low income countries, but also here the fertility rates haven fallen significantly over the past years. Looking at individual countries, Taiwan has the lowest fertility rate worldwide, whereas the highest is found in Niger. Another characteristic of the middle- and high income countries is that women tend to have children at a later stage in life. As a high number of low income countries are found in Africa, it is not surprising that countries in West and Central Africa have the highest adolescent fertility rate worldwide, which is the number of children born per 1,000 girls between the ages of 15 and 19 years old.While the highest fertility rates are found in African countries, the highest death rates are found in Eastern European countries. One reason behind this is the high number of COVID-19 -related deaths in these countries during the pandemic, where a combination of an old population, low vaccination rates, and poor enforcement of policies aimed at curbing the outbreak led to high death tolls. Bulgaria, the country with the highest death rate worldwide in 2021, had a death rate of 22 per 1,000 inhabitants. Worldwide, there were 8.7 deaths per 1,000 inhabitants in 2021.
Urbanization: More and more people live in urban areas
Together with an increasing population, the last decades have seen a surge in the number of people living in cities and urban areas. This is related to a change in productivity means, meaning that fewer people are needed within traditional agriculture and more jobs are located in urban areas. Also here, there are significant differences between the continents, with over 80 percent of the population in North America living in urban areas in 2020, compared to just above 40 percent of the African population. Corresponding with increasing urbanization, the share of the world's population living in rural areas decreased steadily over the past 30 years, dropping to 43 percent as of 2022. Moreover, whereas less than 20 percent of the population in high income countries live in rural areas, nearly two thirds of the inhabitants in low income countries do the same.
