Aaron O'Neill
Research expert covering historical data
Detailed statistics
Population of the world 10,000BCE-2100
Detailed statistics
Global life expectancy from birth in selected regions 1000-2020
Detailed statistics
Urbanization rates various countries or regions 1800
Population of the world 10,000BCE-2100
Estimated global population from 10,000BCE to 2100 (in millions)
Historical population of the continents 10,000BCE-2000CE
Estimated population of each continent from 10,000BCE to 2000CE (in 1,000s)
Global population 1800-2100, by continent
Population of the world's continents from 1800 to 2021, with estimates until 2100
Global population distribution 1800-2100, by continent
Annual share of the global population living in each continent from 1800 to 2021, with projections until 2100
Population size and growth rates in Western Europe 0-1998
Historical population sizes and average annual growth rates in Western Europe in selected years between 0 and 1998
Population development of Japan 0-2020
Historical population development of Japan in selected years between 0 and 2020 (in 1,000s)
Population development of China 0-2100
Historical population development of China in selected years between 0 and 2024, with projections until 2100 (in 1,000s)
Population of the United States 1610-2020
Population of the United States from 1610 to 2020 (in thousands)
Comparison of population in Brazil and the U.S. 1500-2050
Comparison of population in Brazil and the United States in selected years from 1500 to 2024, and a projection for 2050 (in 1,000s of inhabitants)
Years taken for the world population to double in size 837-2023
Number of years taken for the world population to double in size from selected points between 837 and 2023
Years taken for the world population to grow by one billion 1803-2088
Number of years taken for the world population to increase by one billion people from its first billion in1803 until its projected 11 billion in 2088
Comparison of population growth across the world 0-1998
Comparison of average annual population growth rates across various regions of the world in selected time periods between 0 and 1998
Comparison of population growth rates in China, Japan, and Western Europe 0-1998
Comparison of historical annual average population growth rates in China, Japan and Western Europe in selected periods between 0 and 1998
Comparison of population growth in Brazil and the U.S. 1500-1998
Comparison of population growth rates in Brazil and the United States during selected periods in Brazil's development from 1500 to 1998
Comparison of population growth in (former) European colonies 1500-1998
Comparison of population growth in some (former) European colonies and other world regions in selected periods from 1500 to 1998
Crude birth rate in selected regions 1820-2024
Crude birth rate of the world and selected countries or regions in years between 1820 and 2024 (per 1,000 population)
Global life expectancy from birth in selected regions 1000-2020
Average life expectancy from birth in the world and selected countries or regions in years between 1000 and 2020
Fertility rate of the world and continents 1950-2024
Fertility rate in each continent and worldwide, from 1950 to 2024
Historical life expectancy from birth in selected regions 33-1875
Average life expectancy from birth in selected regions and time periods from 33CE to 1875 CE
Life expectancy among the male English aristocracy 1200-1745
Life expectancy among males in the English aristocracy, who had already reached the age of 21, between 1200 and 1745
Historical infant mortality in selected regions 33-1875
Average infant mortality (under one year) in selected regions and time periods from 33CE to 1875 CE (per 1,000 live births)
Countries with the highest fertility rates 2024
The 20 countries with the highest fertility rates in 2024
Urbanization: largest cities throughout history 7000BCE-2022
Population estimates for the world's largest city in the year it took this title (as well as the current location) from 7000 BCE until 2022 CE
Urbanization rates various countries or regions 1800
Share of the population living in towns of more than 10,000 people in selected countries or regions in the year 1800
Urbanization rates in China, Japan, and Western Europe in selected years 1000-2020
Share of the population living in towns of more than 10,000 people in China, Japan, and Western Europe in selected years between 1000 and 2020
Western Europe: urbanization rate by country 1500-1890
Share of the population living in towns of more than 10,000 people in selected countries of Western Europe in years between 1500 and 1890
Urbanization in the United States 1790 to 2050
Degree of urbanization in the United States from 1790 to 2020, and with projections until 2050
Historical net migration for Australia, Brazil, the UK, and U.S. 1500-1998
Comparison of net migration to Australia, Brazil, the United States, and from the United Kingdom in selected periods between 1500 and 1998
Migration from all continents to the US 1820-1957
Total number of documented migrants from each continent to the United States between 1820 and 1957
Nationality of immigrants arriving in the United States 1820-1870
Number of immigrants who arrived in the United States from 1820 to 1870, by nationality
Deadliest pandemics in history worldwide
Number of deaths from the deadliest pandemics in history worldwide (in millions)
Estimated death toll of the Plague of Justinian 541-767
Pre-2019 estimates of the Plague of Justinian's death toll on infected populations from 541CE to 767CE
Estimates of the Black Death's death toll in European cities from 1347-1351
Estimates of the Black Death's death toll in selected European cities from 1347 to 1351
Estimated pre-colonization population of the Americas~1492
Estimated indigenous populations of the Americas at the time of European contact, beginning in 1492
Number of slaves taken from Africa by region and century 1501-1866
Estimated number of African slaves who were taken from various regions* of Africa during the transatlantic slave trade in each century from 1501 to 1866
Life expectancy during the Spanish Flu pandemic 1917-1920
Life expectancy from birth, by country, during the 1918 Influenza Pandemic (Spanish Flu), from 1917 to 2020
Second World War: fatalities per country 1939-1945
Estimated number of military and civilian fatalities due to the Second World War per country or region between 1939 and 1945
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